The Academy of Medical Sciences call for evidence relating to the review of the regulation and governance of medical research

 

 

 

The case of Low Dose Naltrexone

 

 

 

 

 

“The Academy of Medical Sciences promotes advances in medical science and campaigns to ensure these are translated into healthcare benefits for society.”[1]

 

 

 

"The interests of patients, the NHS and industry can be at odds and we have no confidence that the Department [of Health] is capable of achieving the balance required. The ‘cross-dressing’ role of the Department in this regard does not serve the public as well as it should." (p.95, para. 335) [2]

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

This submission is dedicated to the memory of Bernard Bihari, MD
11 November 1931 — 16 May 2010, who discovered the human uses of LDN.


Contents

 

                                                                                                Page

Who we are                                                                             3

 

Summary                                                                                  4

 

1. Introduction                                                                          5

 

2. LDN and Patient Access to it                                                6

 

3. How is a research submission for an “old” medicine

presented, and who can present it                                             6

            3.6 The HTA                                                                7

            3.10 “Orphan Drugs”                                                    7

            3.15 “Well established use”                                           8

 

4. Market Failure                                                                      8

            4.1 Pharmaceutical industry – no profit              8

            4.3 Patient charity organisations                                    8         

 

5. The Role of Clinical trials                                                      9         

            5.2 Manipulation                                                           9         

            5.9 Ethics                                                                     10       

 

6. Is it useful to dismiss patient experience as “anecdotal”?         11       

 

7. Statistical Analysis of prescription medicines              11       

 

8. Recommendations                                                                12       

 

Appendix

Patient campaigns and activities                                     14       

 

Footnotes                                                                                15

 

           

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Who we are

 

Celia Danks -                celia@dawsholm.demon.co.uk
John Donnelly -            
john@carnebeach.com
                       http://www.ldndatabase.com/
Tommy Harraghy -       
harraghy@utvinternet.com
                                http://dnausers.d-n-a.net/dnetIogQ/LDN/
Margaret Schooling -    
margaret.schooling@neuf.fr

Nuala White -               nualawhite@btinternet.com

 

 

There is now an increasing evidence base for Low Dose Naltrexone (LDN), showing it is a safe and effective treatment for immune system disorders. We are a group of laypeople who help campaign for the licensing of LDN as we know it has helped us and many others. Three of us take it ourselves, and two have close family members who take it. We (or family members) are using LDN to treat cancers, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.

 

 

This submission is supported by:

 

Dr. Phil Boyle, G.P.                   http://www.ldnireland.com/       

mail@philboyle.eu                     mail@fertilitycare.net

 

Stephen Dickson, B.Sc.(Hons) MR (Pharm)S

j80jsd@yahoo.co.uk                   http://www.delivermyprescription.co.uk/

 

Dr. Tom Gilhooly, G.P.              http://tomgilhooly.com/drtom.html

scivor@aol.com

http://www.essentialhealthclinic.com/?gclid=CL660ojog5gCFQXtlAodgCisCg

 

Dr. Bob Lawrence, Managing Director, Dietary Research Ltd.

http://www.msrc.co.uk/index.cfm/fuseaction/show/pageid/650

bob.lawrence@ntlworld.com

 

Brendan Quinn, M.P.S.I., Pharmacist     http://www.quinnspharmacy.ie/

bqpharm@gmail.com

 

 

 


The Academy of Medical Sciences call for evidence relating to the review of the regulation and governance of medical research

The case of Low Dose Naltrexone: Summary

There is increasing evidence that an "old", out-of-patent medication known as Low Dose Naltrexone (LDN) is a safe, effective, inexpensive and increasingly sought after treatment for immune related disorders. However, despite its potential benefits both in terms of healthcare and for the economy as a whole, it is not as generally available as it would be if it were licensed. (Sections 1. and 2.)

LDN campaigners have taken the matter to government and followed government advice. However further difficulties can be foreseen. (Section 3.)

The government identified market failure as responsible for this situation. We argue that there is an over-reliance on pharmaceutical industry investment, calculated as it is on potential profits. Although patient charities could be expected to see beyond commercial considerations, they do not. As a result, healthcare benefits can be neglected. (Section 4.)

Despite the growing evidence base in favour of LDN, calls for regulatory assessment are rejected for the lack of "robust" evidence - large-scale clinical trials funded by the pharmaceutical industry. The industry's central and exclusive role in assessment procedures is questioned and alternative procedures need to be considered. (Section 5.)

The Department of Health has no centralised system in place to evaluate patient experience of, and medical observation of, the efficacy of prescribed medicines. As patients and doctors are the "end users" of the NHS this omission is difficult to understand. Patients must know that their well-being is a priority. (Section 6.)

To overcome these flaws we suggest that the efficacy of prescription medicines should be included in the regulatory system using statistical analysis. (Section 7.)

Responses to the Scottish Parliament Petitions Committee demonstrate the difficulties we face, and the 2005 House of Commons Health Committee report largely explains them. We fully endorse the recommendations made by the latter and ask that additional forms of evidence be taken into account (8.1 & 8.2).

We recommend that a centralised collection and statistical analyses of patient experience and medical observation be included in the regulatory system to improve the regulatory oversight of the safety and efficacy of prescribed medicines. (8.3)

We recommend the examination of overlaps and gaps in the remits of government health agencies with a view to reform, (8.4-8.7) the examination of the role of patient charities, (8.8) also with a view to reform, (8.9) and regulation to ensure transparency in the publication of scientific papers and the peer review process. (8.10 & 8.11)

Recommendations 8.12 and 8.13 are specific to LDN and an Annex shows how LDN campaigns continue on a number of fronts.


The Academy of Medical Sciences call for evidence relating to the review of the regulation and governance of medical research

The case of Low Dose Naltrexone (LDN)

1. Introduction

 

1.1 Naltrexone is an out-of-patent medicine originally licensed at full (50mg – 200mg) dose to treat addiction in the UK.

 

1.2 Low Dose Naltrexone (LDN) is an off-label, low dose (maximum 4.5 mg) medicine used since 1985 for a range of conditions related to a dysfunctional immune system.

 

1.3 There is now a growing evidence base to support patient reports that LDN is a safe and effective treatment for immune related disorders. There is also a growing body of research in the form of clinical trials and laboratory investigation, albeit under-funded, that is developing scientific understanding of how LDN works. 

 

1.4 In response to two public petitions[3] calling for the recognition of LDN within the NHS, government health agencies and patient charitable organisations rejected it as a potential candidate for inclusion in the regulatory system. The reason given was that the research done does not meet the entry requirements, that there is no "robust" evidence supporting it.  

 

1.5 However, it was acknowledged that this apparent lack of evidence can, in reality, be the effect of "market failure". According to the government: "Most research of this kind is done by the pharmaceutical industry.  The Government is aware that occasionally there will be few or no commercial incentives for companies to fund clinical trials."[4]

 

1.6 The government went on to suggest alternative approaches that campaigners are now pursuing. However we have found that for the layman, the procedures for submitting a research request are obscure.

 

1.7 The House of Commons Health Committee Report of 5 April 2005: “The Influence of the Pharmaceutical Industry” [5] has been an essential tool in our understanding of the situation and in the drafting of this submission.

 

1.8 We have also drawn on the responses listed in the Scottish Parliament Petitions Committee website.[6]

 

1.9 We are aware that the Academy of Medical Sciences review is aimed at the development the pharmaceutical industry in the UK . While this has merit, it is important to also consider the significant health and economic benefits in the case of LDN. What is more we would suggest that:-

 

a) Savings on the costs of medicines is money that can be re-directed towards many other needy areas within the NHS that would also benefit the pharmaceutical industry, or it could be re-directed to other public service areas generally.

 

b)Individual health improvement would have a healthy knock-on impact on the economy as a whole:-

 

- less sick leave:

- less early retirement:

- fewer calls on hospital and social services.

 

·         One of the parties to this submission maintains a website providing links to a variety of information sources for more information on LDN. In particular we refer you to an information pack. This document contains lots of information on LDN from various sources, including the science behind LDN, and information on clinical trials to date. [7]

 

2. LDN and patient access to it

 

2.1 Typically LDN is taken at bedtime in a dose of up to 4.5 mg once every 24 hours. This is less than one tenth of the dose approved by the FDA in the 1960s when full dose Naltrexone was first used. In over thirty years no safety issues have been reported following the use of Naltrexone at any dose below 300 mg a day.

 

2.2 It is legally and ethically proper for a doctor to prescribe LDN on a "named patient" basis. While most people would prefer to have their use of LDN professionally sanctioned and monitored, many patients are refused (sometimes unkindly) on the grounds of the doctor's personal liability. So patients are far too often forced to seek alternatives in the form of telephone or internet prescriptions. How many is not known.

 

2.3 The number of people using LDN on prescription across the world is estimated to be over 100,000. We understand that this estimate was arrived at over a year ago by a survey of supplying pharmacies, but we are unable to substantiate the figure.

 

2.4 In the UK and Ireland, the number of people using prescription LDN is estimated to be about 3,000. This estimate could be confirmed by the compounding pharmacists who support this submission.

 

2.5 Fortunately, the number of doctors prescribing LDN is rising. For example, at the 2nd International LDN Conference in Glasgow last April, a major compounding pharmacist reported that this year his pharmacy was handling prescriptions for LDN from 683 medical professionals compared to only 200 a year ago.[8]

 

2.6 The dynamic behind this rise in LDN use is recommendation by word of mouth. Patients tell other sufferers and/or their doctors about it and when doctors in their turn see good results, they suggest the treatment to other patients.

 

2.7 This difficulty of access is not about the safety and efficacy of the medicine, but is a due to the marginalization of “off-label” medicines by the regulatory system. The system is designed for the approval of expensive "new" discoveries, not of "old", inexpensive medicines that are out-of-patent but with a new off-label use.

 

2.8 The current regulatory system therefore is preventing the use of an inexpensive, safe and efficacious medicine.

 

3. How is a research submission for an "old" medicine presented and who can present it?

 

3.1 When looking for ways to bring LDN into the mainstream of availability on the NHS, campaigners found that there are, apparently, ways to stimulate assessment of an out-of-patent and off-label medicine, but access to the procedure is likely to falter and fail if it is not supported by the pharmaceutical industry. 

 

3.2 The House of Commons Health Committee report explains why the Department of Health runs a system that makes it difficult for un-funded campaigners to make headway. It also explains the Department of Health's dual and conflicting role.

 

"The Department of Health has not only to promote the interests of the pharmaceutical industry but also the health of the public and the effectiveness of the NHS. There is a dilemma here which cannot be readily glossed over. The Secretary of State for Health cannot serve two masters. The Department seems unable to prioritise the interests of patients and public health over the interests of the pharmaceutical industry. We therefore recommend that sponsorship of the industry pass from the Department of Health to the Department of Trade and Industry." (p.6)[9]

 

3.3 About eighteen months ago, LDN campaigners in the UK recognised that LDN use was not making the progress it should and that passivity on the part of the medical and scientific community and patient charities was hindering rather than helping the take up of a beneficial medicine. Evidence for the potential health benefits of the medicine was being discounted, not for reasons of safety and efficacy, but because of its marginal place in the regulatory system.

 

3.4 The campaigners realised that a political intervention was necessary to deal with this mindset and they launched a petition to N° 10 Downing Street on the government's petition website highlighting patient and doctor experience of LDN. This was a catalyst that brought the issue to the attention of politicians, medical professionals, and to the media. [10]

 

3.5 On 21 December 2009, the Prime Minister responded to the petition, saying: "The government is aware that occasionally there will be few or no commercial incentives for companies to fund clinical trials." He suggested the HTA is the body responsible for dealing with "research topics in areas of market failure." [11]

The HTA

3.6 An initial proposal had already been made to the HTA but it was rejected on the grounds that it was not within their “remit”. [12]

 

3.7 Consequently, on 23 February we submitted a proposal to the HTA (reference 2322010HTA115208). This was followed up 2 March with an information pack on trials, research, clinical experience, etc. then available. The proposal is due to be assessed during the period 29 June to 9 July.[13]

 

3.8 Should this submission pass this initial stage, it will apparently move to the stage where they "identify topics for research" and then advertise for a research team to carry out the work which would then apply for funds.

 

3.9 However, should it reach this stage, it looks to us as if we would face further difficulties similar to those we face now:-

 

- who would own the research, fund it, organise and manage it?

 

- what kind of research team would be ready to study a treatment liable to have a negative profit impact on the pharmaceutical industry? Ideally any research done would be independent and belong to the NHS, but given the influence of the pharmaceutical industry within the NHS, it is hard to see how this could happen.

 

- what sort of timescale would this procedure involve?

"Orphan Drugs”

3.10 Although LDN cannot be classed an "orphan drug" (the conditions treated by LDN involve a faulty immune system, so they are widespread and far from rare) the case of the orphan drug, nitric oxide, shows that some allowance is made for gaps in the regulatory system when faced with market failure.

 

3.11 However, the House of Commons Health Committee describes how, following clinical trials, the price of nitric oxide rose more than thirty-fold. The treatment had been used by neo-natal units successfully for many years and only cost about £2,000 a year. Once licensed the price rose to over £63,000 a year. (p.32 para. 108)[14]

 

3.12 LDN currently costs about £1 a day. If the example of nitric oxide is anything to go by, this would increase to over £30 a day if it were licensed following clinical trials funded by the pharmaceutical industry.

 

3.13 Many LDN users are terrified that the cost of LDN will increase and they (particularly in the U.S.A.) are against the LDN campaigns, preferring LDN to remain low-cost, albeit unlicensed.

 

3.14 The NHS would also have to ensure that its LDN budget did not increase unreasonably and in an unjustifiable way.

Well-Established Use

3.15 A rarely mentioned approach involves  "well-established use". A "marketing authorisation holder" can vary the licence or submit an application for marketing authorisation involving a new use. [15]

 

3.16 However, if this approach has to be made by a "marketing authorisation holder", the same problems arise as described in 4. Market Failure below – there would be no profit incentive as the drug is out-of-patent.

 

3.17 It is also unlikely that the required “off-label” data has been systematically collected in the European Community for at least ten years.

4. Market Failure

Pharmaceutical industry  - no profit

"Before a drug can receive a licence (marketing authorisation) in the UK, the manufacturer must submit supporting data to the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) or to the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) demonstrating that the quality, safety and efficacy of the product are satisfactory for its intended use. The decision to seek a marketing authorisation for a medicine is a commercial decision for the manufacturer." (Professor W. Scott, Chief Pharmaceutical Officer, The Scottish Government, 24th Dec 2009.[16]

 

4.1 When a medicine is out-of-patent there is no profit to be made from it. It is understandable how, in the present profit based regulatory process, no manufacturer can invest in expensive clinical trials in order to make such a submission even when a new use for it is discovered. If it were possible to get a new license, there would still be other cost implications – see paras.3.11 & 3.12 above.

 

4.2 The regulatory system is currently designed to sustain this commercial reasoning at the expense of healthcare benefits.

Patient charity organisations

4.3 Patient charity organisations hold large funds donated by the public for clinical research. As they exist to support people with a given illness, it would seem logical that they would be interested in what those people have to say. However, they are not. The MS Society rejected a proposal for studying LDN in MS which was described by the Chief Scientist’s Office as an excellent submission. They did this without offering any invitation to the investigators to re apply.[17] Cancer Research UK, in its response  to The Scottish Parliament Committee, totally dismisses LDN despite the successful case studies reported:-

"Currently there is no robust evidence to show that LDN can benefit people with cancer. Published information to date largely comprises cell line research and case studies of individuals who have received low doses of naltrexone for cancers…………

"There is not enough robust evidence from trials in people with cancer to know if LDN is safe for that group of patients." [18]

 

4.4 Evidence given to the House of Commons Health Committee report also states that, "instead of representing the interests of patients, groups" patient organisations are a "subtle form of marketing" on behalf of the pharmaceutical industry. (p.76 para 267).[19]

 

4.5 It is not, therefore, clear from this how their remit differs from that of the Department of Health (see 3.2 above) - they "cannot serve two masters" either.[20]

 

4.6 In fact, unlike government health agencies where some patient input concerning research topics is, in theory anyway, accommodated, Cancer Research UK policy is even more restrictive.

 

"We welcome any research into potential new ways to treat cancer. Applications will be accepted from scientists, clinicians or health care workers in UK universities, medical schools, hospitals and research institutions."[21]

 

4.7 Given the pharmaceutical industry control over the health industry, research teams inevitably depend on the industry to earn their living. No research team is likely to want to be associated with a project that could be seen as undermining the industry's profits.

5. The Role of Clinical Trials

5.1 Clinical trials have an essential role in ensuring that medicines are safe and effective (Naltrexone successfully passed them thirty years ago). However this means they must be reliable and that public and patient confidence in them is not shaken by reports of manipulation or questionable ethical practices. We argue that their pivotal role in the regulatory system, to the exclusion of other processes, cannot always be justified.

 

5.2 We would also argue that while clinical double-blinded trials are an essential tool for new discoveries, they are less useful for an "old" medicine with a new use.

Manipulation

5.3 Evidence that clinical trials are not always as infallible as claimed and that medicines have been licensed after clinical trials have failed was given to the House of Commons Health Committee with cases of manipulation and inappropriate organisation in order to arrive at misleading results. (p. 50 para 182) [22]

 

5.4 A similar point was recently made in The Guardian:- 

"By making ineffective treatments seem to work, making expensive new drugs seem to be better than old, cheap ones, and concealing evidence of side effects, selective publication undermines the whole point of doing research in the first place."[23]

 

5.5 The House of Commons report further reported evidence that even when medicines have failed placebo-controlled trials, they have still been licensed. (p. 50 para 181)[24]

 

5.6 Additional questions arose about how useful clinical trials really are in predicting effectiveness in clinical practice. (p. 21 para. 56)[25]

 

5.7 As end-users in need of relief from their illness, patients are encouraged to trust the kind of medically authoritative reassurance that comes with licensed medicines. This trust can displace natural caution and many (perhaps most) patients ignore warnings on the labels that these days accompany all medicines both innocuous and dangerous. In many cases these lists are long, can be complicated, and in small print.

 

5.8 Despite all these concerns (that one would expect to undermine confidence in clinical trials) they are consistently referred to as "robust", apparently on the grounds that participants do not know what they are taking and because placebos are used.

 

5.9 Another vital element in the clinical trials process is peer review. However, in some areas of pioneering research, there may be few or no suitably qualified peers. This does not mean the research is invalid, but that further research is needed to establish whether it is valid or not. At the moment the only research possible within the regulatory system is full-scale clinical trials. In the case of LDN, no full-scale clinical trials can take place because of market failure and regulatory system block, therefore this kind of pioneering research is in a limbo, and patients are denied access to a potentially beneficial medicine.

Ethics

5.10 The House of Commons report also described some ethical concerns about clinical trials, describing how patients are not necessarily given all the information they need about the risks involved or about what happens to the information gleaned from the trial. According to one witness: "The industry takes the data from you, they let you take all the risks, they conceal the data… they take out the good bits of the data, the bits that suit them, and market that back to us and call it science, when clearly it is not". (p. 49 para. 178)[26]

 

5.11 We would argue that double-blinded trials using placebos would have an ethically dubious place in the testing of the efficacy of LDN. They are designed to test "new" discoveries, but there are ethical difficulties involved in trials on an "old" medicine like LDN where evidence of health improvement already exists.

 

5.12 Given that intervention in the early stages of an immune system disease can prevent irreparable damage, it hardly seems ethical to expect people to take placebos for weeks or months. There are reports that LDN has successfully been used in rapidly debilitating forms of diseases like MS or cancers. Treatment with placebos could have no place here. Nor does the question get easier in more advanced cases.

 

5.13 Similar questions arise with regard to treatments given in addition to LDN that help it work better. An example is alpha lipoic acid and/or opioid growth factor in the treatment of pancreatic cancer, but there are more familiar examples like the need to overcome deficiencies of omega 3 and Vitamin D3. What place would these have in clinical trials?[27]

 

5.14 In a placebo vs LDN trial, how would reports that taking LDN can halt progression be handled? Would participants be told that their results would show whether or not LDN is "just a placebo"? Or would they be made aware of LDN's reputation that progression could halt while they were on LDN? In either case would such a trial be ethical?

 

5.15 Similarly, questions arise if participants were selected to take part in a trial of a medication with known side effects and were not informed about alternatives, including LDN, would that trial be ethical?

 

5.16 The House of Commons Health Committee also found evidence that when a pharmaceutical company is involved in the successful trial of an out-of-patent treatment that has been safely used for decades, it results in a massive price rise for the same treatment once it is licensed. (see "Orphan Drugs" paras. 3.10-3.14 above).

 

5.17 Clinical trials are not suitable on ethical or reliability grounds for testing a new-use medicine where it has become established slowly but surely over a considerable period, its take up is steadily increasing, and it is strongly supported by patient testimony and clinical experience.

 

6. Is it useful to dismiss patient experience as "anecdotal"?

 

6.1  LDN has already been subject of several small-scale, low-budget trials[28] in response to growing patient and doctor testimony about the effectiveness of LDN – low-budget due to lack of industry support. In industrial and regulatory terms, however, such testimony is usually referred to as "anecdotal". This may have a different meaning in this context than it has for the public at large, but for most people it is more likely to mean "trivial". In our view it is an overused term that trivialises the evidence, and so casts doubt on what are, in fact, accounts of significant health improvement.

 

6.2 If we assume, as we are surely entitled to, that positive patient experience is the fundamental aim of health care, why is it rejected in this way?

 

6.3 When there is a substantial body of positive patient experience, the only justification for rejecting it as "anecdotal" is because it has not been the subject of formal statistical analysis.

 

6.4 It would appear that when it comes to medicines, the Department of Health does not view patient experience as a useful source of information. Consequently no single government health agency is responsible for it, no systematic information gathering takes place and no statistical analysis is done.  

 

6.5 There is, therefore, no overall understanding of what is really happening when patients are given prescription medicines, whether they are licensed, or whether they are out-of-patent, off-label prescription medicines like LDN.

 

6.6 No one should under-estimate the anger and distress felt when a patient starts to use LDN and finds that disease progression is halted, but at a stage where s/he has suffered irreversible disabilities. What is more these people have often taken conventional treatment which has failed and/or is ineffective but which can lead to other disorders, often very serious.

 

6.7 If the regulatory system is reformed in a way that ignores patient experience in favour of commercial profit, patient trust in the pharmaceutical industry and the institutions it works with will be even further undermined.

7. Statistical analysis of prescription medicines

 

7.1 We would propose a variation of "well-established use" based on future rather than past LDN use. It could eventually become a reliable record of how well the medicine works and what it's taken for. It is, therefore, worth considering for incorporation into the regulatory system.

 

7.2 Patients with similar diseases, preferably across the immune system dysfunction range, would be categorised according to whether they choose conventional medication or LDN. Their progress would be recorded and monitored by their doctors and records kept by the patients themselves, using criteria such as;-

 

- progression/remission, pain levels;

 

- routine scans and checks;

 

- subsequent diagnosis of other disease(s) during treatment;

 

- death rate and cause of death;

 

- quality of life;

 

- what other treatments/supplements are used.

 

7.3 Given the agreed safety of LDN, and to help raise the number of those using it, doctors would be asked to discuss LDN with their patients as well as conventional medicines. In most cases a patient will respond better to a treatment they have agreed to use with their doctor’s support. (We understand that an estimated 30-50% of the health service medicines budget is wasted because patients do not take what they're given).[29]

 

7.4 Most of this information is already available from GPs and specialists, and given the widespread use of computers these days, sending the information to a central point for statistical analysis would not take up much of their time. Ideally this study would last several years.

 

7.5 The gathering and analysis of this information will indicate areas that need more scientific research, for example why some people respond better to an LDN dose lower than 4.5mg, and why some people have more difficulty getting relief than others.

 

7.6 Indeed, this kind of monitoring and analysis should be an essential tool in the efficient running of the NHS, and that it should take place as a matter of course.

 

8. Recommendations

General

8.1 We find that many of the quandaries we're facing in our work are explained by the House of Commons Health Committee report. Its recommendations should form the basis of any reform.

 

8.2 The pharmaceutical industry should not have its currently exclusive role in the regulatory system decision-making process. There are additional kinds of evidence that should be taken into account when it comes to deciding whether a medicine should be assessed for licensing.

 

8.3 A major source of evidence should be patient experience and medical observation and they should have their rightful place in research and the regulatory system. To this end we recommend that consideration be given to proposal in section 7 above, "Statistical analysis of "old" medicines". This would involve:-

 

8.3.1 the setting up of a centralised information-gathering unit with a dedicated team of statisticians;

           

8.3.2 LDN use should be the first medicine to undergo statistical assessment into its efficacy for two reasons. Clinical trials and more than thirty years of use have already established the safety of Naltrexone, and the interests of patients who are already relying on LDN to maintain their health must be respected;

 

8.3.3 Information on all treatments, including LDN, be provided to patients to allow freedom of choice.

 

8.3.4 this study would be used as a "pilot" with a view to the establishment of the systematic reporting and recording of the safety and efficacy of all prescription medicines.

 

8.4 Overlaps and gaps in the remits of government health agencies lead to confusion and wasted public resources. These remits should be re-examined.

 

8.5 Only one specified agency should be responsible for research into a medicine following market failure and this facility should be widely advertised;

 

8.6 That agency's remit should include the duty to explain the procedures in a clear and straightforward manner and its expertise in the medicine licensing procedures should be available to individual patients / advocates to help them make viable submissions;

 

8.7 When the market has failed in a given area of medicine, the pharmaceutical industry should have no influence in how such failure is addressed.

 

8.8 There are also overlaps between government health agencies and patient charity organisations. We would endorse the House of Commons recommendation that industry support for charities should only come from the industry's charitable funds. (p.77, para. 275) [30]

 

8.9 Charities must be fully transparent. All donations, from the pharmaceutical industry and other sources that could lead to a conflict of interest should be prominently declared. This would also apply to charity directors and executives who should declare any personal, potential conflict of interest, for example, if previously employed in the pharmaceutical industry.

 

8.10 While we appreciate that "bad science" must be filtered out, using, for example, the publication/peer review process, there has to be a system to ensure that this process is not abused. Therefore we recommend that the publication/peer review process should be regulated and open to public viewing:- 

 

a) papers submitted and refused for publication should be recorded together with the reasons why publication was refused and any further comments from the author(s) responding to the rejection;

 

b) there should be a publicly available record of all clinical trials undertaken by reputable research institutions, and all reports should be published whether the trial was successful or failed. The reasons for any trial failure should be included;

 

c) the information thus compiled should be publicly accessible via a suitably designated on-line library.

 

8.11 At the same time, account must be taken of the situation described in 5.9 above where in some areas of pioneering research, there may be no suitably qualified peers.

Specific to LDN

8.12 Designate a person or body to oversee our HTA submission to ensure it is properly considered and, if accepted, pursued in a meaningful way.

 

8.13 Use LDN for the pilot study described in 8.3 above.
Appendix – Patient Campaigns and Activities

 

Because so many people use LDN successfully and because it is so safe, some patients and patient advocates are campaigning for the immediate acceptance of LDN by the medical profession for the following reasons:-

 

-           a patient has the right to be informed about LDN and be given the choice as to whether they try it or not, preferably when they first present symptoms identifiable as immune system dysfunction, there being no safety reason why this treatment should not be available on the NHS.

 

-           a patient has the right of access to the purest form of LDN as provided on prescription by reputable compounding pharmacies:

 

 -          a patient's progress LDN should be monitored, they should have expert support and advice and help if they experience difficulties. 

 

Public petitions

U.K.

This has already been described above.[31]

Scotland

The Scottish Parliament Petitions Committee is currently pursuing the case made by three LDN users (including Celia Danks who is a party to this submission):-[32]

 

The Scottish parliament has listed the documents generated by the petition, some of which have been used in this submission. In essence, the petitioners' and the Petitions Committee's concerns have been met with descriptions of how the current system will not allow consideration of the use of LDN within the NHS.

Ireland

A very successful campaign was launched by one of our group, John Donnelly, with a proposal about LDN on the Irish government's "Your Country, Your Call" site.[33]

This closed on 30 April and John's proposal came first with the most popular support.

 

The Irish government will now assess the proposals and will announce the one chosen for implementation on 4 September. In the event that the LDN proposal wins, John is envisaging a clinical trial, probably for cancer patients, comparing survival rates over one year on patients using or not using LDN. There is a report about this kind of trial at:-[34]

 

John also set up a database where users can report their experience of LDN.[35]

European Union

The EU Petition Reference No. is 791/2009 – Low Dose Naltrexone

This petition to the European parliament is underway and this campaign emphasises the human rights aspects involved in the general withholding information about a non-toxic treatment as well as withholding the treatment itself.[36]

 

European Conferences, 2009 and 2010

The First European LDN Conference was held in Glasgow in April 2009,[37] followed by the second in April 2010.[38]

 

Several conferences have taken place in the US[39]

LDN Internet Groups

Mutual support groups usually owned and moderated by LDN users. In many, if not most cases, members need the group because they have no doctor, or no doctor who understands LDN, and need to discuss setbacks, difficulties as well as successes.

Chat Groups & Forums [40]

 

Other LDN websites in the UK

http://www.ldnresearchtrust.org/

http://www.ldnnow.co.uk/

 



Footnotes

 

[1] Academy of Medical Sciences Website

http://www.acmedsci.ac.uk/

[2] The House of Commons Health Committee Report, “The Influence of the Pharmaceutical Industry”,  p. 95, para. 335

Published April 2005. It is available online at

http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200405/cmselect/cmhealth/42/42.pdf

[3] An LDN Information Sources website is maintained by one of the writers of this document.

More detailed information on the Petitions to No. 10 Downing St., and to the Scottish Parliament’s Petition Committee is available here.

There is also information on other aspects of our LDN campaign, links to information sources, and Information Packs.

http://dnausers.d-n-a.net/dnetIogQ/LDN/

[4] Prime Minister’s Response to LDN Petition to No. 10 Downing St. http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page21825

[5] The House of Commons Health Committee Report – See Footnote 2 above.

[7] See Footnote 3 above

[9] The House of Commons Health Committee Report (p. 6)

[10]LDN Petition to No. 10 Downing St

 http://petitions.number10.gov.uk/LowDNaltrexone/

[11] Prime Minister’s Response to LDN Petition to No. 10 Downing St. http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page21825

[12] Letter dated 5th Feb 2010 from HTA available on the LDN Information Website

http://dnausers.d-n-a.net/dnetIogQ/LDN/NIHRTA+Response.pdf

[13] Our proposal to HTA, information pack, and further updates on our LDN Information website http://dnausers.d-n-a.net/dnetIogQ/LDN/NIHR_HTA.htm

[14] The House of Commons Health Committee Report (p.32 para 108)

[15] Medicines with a “well established use”, Iain Colquhoun, The Write Stuff, The Journal of the European Medical Writers Association. P. 18, Vol. 18, No. 1, 2009.

http://www.emwa.org/JournalArticles/JA_V18_I1_Colquhoun1.pdf

[16] A Response from Professor W Scott, Chief Pharmaceutical Officer, The Scottish Government  to The Scottish Parliament Petitions Committee. http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/s3/committees/petitions/petitionsubmissions/sub-09/09-PE1296I.pdf

[17] Ref Dr Tom Gilhooly

[18] Cancer Research UK response to Scottish Parliament Petitions Committee http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/s3/committees/petitions/petitionsubmissions/sub-09/09-PE1296K.pdf

[19] The House of Commons Health Committee report (p.76 para 267)

[20] The House of Commons Health Committee report – see Footnote 9

[21] Cancer research UK – see Footnote 18.

[22] The House of Commons Health Committee Report (p. 50 para 182)

[23] “Let’s improve medical science, for free” -  Article in The Guardian on Sun 9th May 2010.

http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2010/may/09/medical-science

[24] The House of Commons Health Committee Report (p. 50 para 181)

[25] The House of Commons Health Committee Report (p. 21 para 56)

[26] The House of Commons Health Committee Report (p. 49 para 178)

[27] See Footnote 3 above. The easiest way to access the science and the clinical trials is via our Information Pack. It also provides links back to the original sources. Dr Ian Zagon is the foremost authority on all matters relating to Opioid Growth Factor (OGF) and Naltrexone. Dr Bert Berkson has published at least two papers using a combination of LDN & Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) in treating pancreatic cancer. Also see Opioid Growth Factor (OGF) in Cancer Therapy, MedInsight Research Institute, Oct 2006. http://dnausers.d-n-a.net/dnetIogQ/LDN/LDN_OGF_medinsight-ogf_review.pdf

[28] See note 27. Most websites that cover LDN give details of LDN clinical trials, and the most comprehensive one is http://www.ldnscience.org/

[29] Discussions with senior Health Officials

[30] The House of Commons Health Committee Report (p.77, para. 275)

[31] Petition to No. 10 Website – see Footnote 19

[34] Cancer trial Abstract

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15912493?dopt=Abstract

[35] John’s LDN Database Website 

http://www.ldndatabase.com/